Scott writes, early states made great efforts to control (often coercively) populations into living in close-clustered and unhealthy communities where their surplus production could be controlled and appropriated. Rather, non-state peoples existed in tandem with nations. They were neither backwards people who had yet to progress to settled life, nor were they people that existed uncontacted by nation-states. Whether we are talking about the Gauls (barbarians to the Greeks), or the Sakas ('mleccha' to the ancient Indians), or the Xiongnu (one of the 'Five Hu,' or Five Barbarians who plagued Han Dynasty China), empires and states had a way of determining who was 'in,' and who was 'out.'Д«ut despite the best propaganda efforts of empires, historical barbarians were not the savages that their settled rivals thought them to be. So what 'barbarians' had in common was not being of a different race or ethnicity, but being on the outside of what people thought of as the cultural center. The word 'barbarian' comes from Greek (with a related term, 'barbara', in Sanskrit), where it refers to people who could not speak the language (and sounded like they were saying 'bar bar bar'). Clans that ransom units lose progress towards City-State conversion.Д«ribing a clan and ransoming a unit from them are exclusive: while a clan has one of your units held hostage, they will not listen to your bribe offers! You must recapture or ransom all units from a clan before you can bribe them again. Ransomed units appear the same turn at your closest City Center. The cost to ransom a unit is always slightly less than the cost to purchase it new in one of your cities. RANSOMING a unit from a clan: if a clan has captured one of your civilian units, you can spend Gold to recover it. Inciting a clan reduces its progress towards City-State conversion. However, clans can only be incited against one civilization at a time.

Incite costs are high, but the incitement has no expiration. You and the clan must share knowledge of at least one other civilization or City-State to be able to incite them. INCITING a clan: spend Gold to encourage the clan to raid and attack the cities of another civilization. Bribing a clan increases their City-State conversion progress.

Clans that are bribed cannot be bribed again by the same player until the bribe expires, but they can be bribed by more than one player at a time. Bribe costs start low but scale up the more cities you have. Hiring a clan increases their City-State conversion progress.Д«RIBING a clan: spend Gold to expel clan units from your territory and prevent them from targeting your cities for a set number of turns. Clans that are hired cannot be hired again for a short duration. They appear the same turn on a plot near to your closest city.

The unit provided will be the best the clan can currently train - it could even be a Unique Unit! Unlike levying a City-State, hired units are permanently under your control. HIRING a clan: spend Gold to purchase a military unit from the clan. If the Outpost's location is not revealed to you, these interactions will be unavailable as well. To initiate one of these interactions, click on the map banner over the Outpost. These include Hiring, Bribing, Inciting, and Ransoming units from the clan. Besides the options for combat with clan units and Outposts, players can take peaceful or diplomatic actions with clans.

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